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Introduction

The wake loss algorithms analysis the lost energy due to wake from other turbines in the same site. It estimates the Production, the percentage of lost energy and the lost production for each turbine in 16 wind sectors.

Input Data

All input signals are 10 min values

• Active Power
• Pitch Angle
• Wind Speed
• Turbulence Intensity (wind speed standard deviation)
• Wind direction
• Generator speed

Output Data

Time series

All output time series are 10 minute data

Loss Factor

The loss factor is a value between 0 and 1 where 1 indicates that the loss in a sector is 100% of the theoretical power, i.e. the power that could be produced and 0 indicates that there is not wake loss.

• WAI-Wake-Sector0-22.5-LossFactor: The loss factor for the sector between 0 and 22.5 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector22.5-45-LossFactor: The loss factor for the sector between 22.65 and 45 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector45-67.5-LossFactor: The loss factor for the sector between 45 and 67.5 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector67.5-90-LossFactor: The loss factor for the sector between 67.5 and 90 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector90-112.5-LossFactor: The loss factor for the sector between 90 and 112.5 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector112.5-135-LossFactor: The loss factor for the sector between 112.5 and 135 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector135-157.5-LossFactor: The loss factor for the sector between 135 and 157.5 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector157.5-180-LossFactor: The loss factor for the sector between 157.5 and 180 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector180-202.5-LossFactor: The loss factor for the sector between 180 and 202.5 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector202.5-225-LossFactor: The loss factor for the sector between 202.5 and 225 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector225-247.5-LossFactor: The loss factor for the sector between 225 and 247.5 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector247.5-270-LossFactor: The loss factor for the sector between 247.5 and 270 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector270-292.5-LossFactor: The loss factor for the sector between 270 and 292.5 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector292.5-315-LossFactor: The loss factor for the sector between 292.5 and 315 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector315-337.5-LossFactor: The loss factor for the sector between 315 and 337.5 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector337.5-360-LossFactor: The loss factor for the sector between 337.5 and 360 degrees

Production

• WAI-Wake-Sector0-22.5-Production: The energy production for the sector between 0 and 22.5 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector22.5-45-Production: The energy production for the sector between 22.65 and 45 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector45-67.5-Production: The energy production for the sector between 45 and 67.5 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector67.5-90-Production: The energy production for the sector between 67.5 and 90 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector90-112.5-Production: The energy production for the sector between 90 and 112.5 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector112.5-135-Production: The energy production for the sector between 112.5 and 135 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector135-157.5-Production: The energy production for the sector between 135 and 157.5 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector157.5-180-Production: The energy production for the sector between 157.5 and 180 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector180-202.5-Production: The energy production for the sector between 180 and 202.5 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector202.5-225-Production: The energy production for the sector between 202.5 and 225 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector225-247.5-Production: The energy production for the sector between 225 and 247.5 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector247.5-270-Production: The energy production for the sector between 247.5 and 270 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector270-292.5-Production: The energy production for the sector between 270 and 292.5 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector292.5-315-Production: The energy production for the sector between 292.5 and 315 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector315-337.5-Production: The energy production for the sector between 315 and 337.5 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector337.5-360-Production: The energy production for the sector between 337.5 and 360 degrees

Lost Production

• WAI-Wake-Sector0-22.5-LostProd.kwh: The lost energy production for the sector between 0 and 22.5 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector22.5-45-LostProd.kwh: The lost energy production for the sector between 22.65 and 45 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector45-67.5-LostProd.kwh: The lost energy production for the sector between 45 and 67.5 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector67.5-90-LostProd.kwh: The lost energy production for the sector between 67.5 and 90 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector90-112.5-LostProd.kwh: The lost energy production for the sector between 90 and 112.5 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector112.5-135-LostProd.kwh: The lost energy production for the sector between 112.5 and 135 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector135-157.5-LostProd.kwh: The lost energy production for the sector between 135 and 157.5 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector157.5-180-LostProd.kwh: The lost energy production for the sector between 157.5 and 180 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector180-202.5-LostProd.kwh: The lost energy production for the sector between 180 and 202.5 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector202.5-225-LostProd.kwh: The lost energy production for the sector between 202.5 and 225 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector225-247.5-LostProd.kwh: The lost energy production for the sector between 225 and 247.5 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector247.5-270-LostProd.kwh: The lost energy production for the sector between 247.5 and 270 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector270-292.5-LostProd.kwh: The lost energy production for the sector between 270 and 292.5 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector292.5-315-LostProd.kwh: The lost energy production for the sector between 292.5 and 315 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector315-337.5-LostProd.kwh: The lost energy production for the sector between 315 and 337.5 degrees
• WAI-Wake-Sector337.5-360-LostProd.kwh: The lost energy production for the sector between 337.5 and 360 degrees

Events

No events are produced by this algorithm

Algorithm Logic

The wake loss calculation model evaluates all wind farm turbines’ daily wake loss based on the turbine parameters and 10-minute operation data. The basic principle of the algorithm is as follows:

1. Data preprocessing The algorithm will process the data and remove data:

• The period the turbine is derating, curtailing, under maintenance, and shutdown
• Invalid Data
• Stale Data

2. Analyze the distribution of wind resources in the wind farm.

3. Analyze the wake sector of each turbine. According to the turbine topology, IEC standard states, and engineering experiences, the algorithm yield a theoretical angle sector ( aka wake sector) of each turbine affected by wake. One turbine may be in the wake zone of multiple turbines.

4. Calculate the turbine power production performance in the downwind wake zone. Based on the actual wind direction and the wake sector of each turbine, the algorithm locate a set of turbines in the wake zone. The algorithm calculate their actual wake zone and the performance of each wake sector.

5. Calculate turbine production performance in free wind condition Based on the actual wind direction and the wake sector of each turbine, the algorithm can find out a set of turbines that are not affected by the wake effect. The algorithm calculate the performance in each sector of these turbines.

6. Calculate wake loss coefficient When calculating the loss coefficient, the algorithm pick the same turbine model and put them into the same wind direction. Then, the algorithm compare the turbines in the wake zone ·against those running in free wind conditions. Finally, the algorithm can calculate every affected turbine wake sector’s wake loss coefficient.

7. Evaluate the wake loss The single sector’s wake loss coefficient range is [0,1]. The closer to 1, the more negligible the wake effect has to the sector. The algorithm justify the wake loss severity level based on the sum of the wake loss coefficient of 16 sectors.

Turbine Loss Severity

The severity for a turbine is determined by summing the wake loss factors for all sectors.

turbine loss factor = ∑_sectorssector loss factor

It is thus a value between 0 and 16. It is considered low when the severity is below 2, medium when it is between 2 and 3 and high if it is above 3.